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New computer code that exploits a recently disclosed hole in Microsoft's Internet Explorer Web browser is circulating on the Internet and could allow remote attackers to take full control of vulnerable Windows machines, according to warnings from antivirus companies and Internet security experts.
Two new "proof of concept" exploit programs first appeared Wednesday, and were posted to Web sites and Internet news groups frequented by security experts. The new code is more dangerous than an exploit for the vulnerability that appeared earlier in the week, since it allows malicious hackers to run their own code on vulnerable machines, instead of just freezing or crashing Windows systems, according to Johannes Ullrich, chief technology officer at The SANS Institute's Internet Storm Center.
The two new exploits were published on Wednesday on security discussion list Full-Disclosure and have also appeared on www.k-otik.com, a French language Web site that specializes in software exploits, Ullrich says.
The exploits take advantage of a flaw in the way Microsoft applications process JPEG image files, a common format for displaying images on the Web. Microsoft designated the flaw a "critical" problem and released a software patch for it, MS04-028, on September 14. A Windows user would have to open a JPEG file that had been modified to trigger the flaw using a wide range of applications, such as the Internet Explorer Web browser or Outlook e-mail client.
Triggering an Overflow
The exploits create a JPEG file formatted to trigger an overflow in a common Windows component called Gdiplus.dll, used by Windows, Internet Explorer, Outlook, and other applications, says Elia Florio, a computer engineer living in Rome who created the exploits and posted them to Full Disclosure.
The first exploit opens a command shell on a vulnerable Windows system when the rigged JPEG file is opened using Windows Explorer, an application for browsing file directories on Windows systems. While that, in itself, is not damaging, a remote attacker could easily add malicious commands to the script that would run on the affected system, Ullrich says.
The second exploit, which was published late Wednesday, East Coast time in the U.S., further modifies the attack code to add a new administrator-level account, named simply "X," to affected Windows systems when a JPEG file is opened through Windows Explorer. The account could then be used by the attacker to log in to the machine using standard Windows networking features, he says.
In both cases, malicious commands could only be executed using the permission level of the user running Windows Explorer, he says.
Ready to Spread?
The new exploits could be spread by a virus in corrupted JPEG images sent as e-mail attachments or served from Web sites. In fact, the scripts could be used to dynamically modify JPEG files as they are sent from a Web server, provided the attacker was able to access the Web server sending the images and place the attack script on it, Ullrich says.
While the new exploits work when the JPEGs they create are opened in Windows Explorer, they only crash Windows systems when opened in Internet Explorer or Outlook. However, the scripts could be modified to work with most versions of Microsoft's operating system applications, Florio says.
On Thursday, antivirus software company Symantec increased its severity rating on the JPEG vulnerability to 9.2 out of 10, noting the release of a new exploit that provides a command shell. Newly released virus signatures from antivirus software companies have been successful at spotting JPEGs that attempt to trigger the MS04-028 flaw, Ullrich says. Windows users are encouraged to download and install the latest software patch from Microsoft and to update their antivirus definitions as soon as possible, he says.
Despite releasing the exploits, Florio says he does not intend them to be used in a malicious way.
The exploits are not suited to be used immediately by low-skilled computer hackers, commonly known as "script kiddies," and would need to be modified by a knowledgeable programmer before they could be used in widespread attacks, he says
Two new "proof of concept" exploit programs first appeared Wednesday, and were posted to Web sites and Internet news groups frequented by security experts. The new code is more dangerous than an exploit for the vulnerability that appeared earlier in the week, since it allows malicious hackers to run their own code on vulnerable machines, instead of just freezing or crashing Windows systems, according to Johannes Ullrich, chief technology officer at The SANS Institute's Internet Storm Center.
The two new exploits were published on Wednesday on security discussion list Full-Disclosure and have also appeared on www.k-otik.com, a French language Web site that specializes in software exploits, Ullrich says.
The exploits take advantage of a flaw in the way Microsoft applications process JPEG image files, a common format for displaying images on the Web. Microsoft designated the flaw a "critical" problem and released a software patch for it, MS04-028, on September 14. A Windows user would have to open a JPEG file that had been modified to trigger the flaw using a wide range of applications, such as the Internet Explorer Web browser or Outlook e-mail client.
Triggering an Overflow
The exploits create a JPEG file formatted to trigger an overflow in a common Windows component called Gdiplus.dll, used by Windows, Internet Explorer, Outlook, and other applications, says Elia Florio, a computer engineer living in Rome who created the exploits and posted them to Full Disclosure.
The first exploit opens a command shell on a vulnerable Windows system when the rigged JPEG file is opened using Windows Explorer, an application for browsing file directories on Windows systems. While that, in itself, is not damaging, a remote attacker could easily add malicious commands to the script that would run on the affected system, Ullrich says.
The second exploit, which was published late Wednesday, East Coast time in the U.S., further modifies the attack code to add a new administrator-level account, named simply "X," to affected Windows systems when a JPEG file is opened through Windows Explorer. The account could then be used by the attacker to log in to the machine using standard Windows networking features, he says.
In both cases, malicious commands could only be executed using the permission level of the user running Windows Explorer, he says.
Ready to Spread?
The new exploits could be spread by a virus in corrupted JPEG images sent as e-mail attachments or served from Web sites. In fact, the scripts could be used to dynamically modify JPEG files as they are sent from a Web server, provided the attacker was able to access the Web server sending the images and place the attack script on it, Ullrich says.
While the new exploits work when the JPEGs they create are opened in Windows Explorer, they only crash Windows systems when opened in Internet Explorer or Outlook. However, the scripts could be modified to work with most versions of Microsoft's operating system applications, Florio says.
On Thursday, antivirus software company Symantec increased its severity rating on the JPEG vulnerability to 9.2 out of 10, noting the release of a new exploit that provides a command shell. Newly released virus signatures from antivirus software companies have been successful at spotting JPEGs that attempt to trigger the MS04-028 flaw, Ullrich says. Windows users are encouraged to download and install the latest software patch from Microsoft and to update their antivirus definitions as soon as possible, he says.
Despite releasing the exploits, Florio says he does not intend them to be used in a malicious way.
The exploits are not suited to be used immediately by low-skilled computer hackers, commonly known as "script kiddies," and would need to be modified by a knowledgeable programmer before they could be used in widespread attacks, he says
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